{"id":2435,"date":"2026-01-14T10:11:05","date_gmt":"2026-01-14T09:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/web.umons.ac.be\/fs\/?p=2435"},"modified":"2026-01-14T10:19:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T09:19:04","slug":"des-chercheurs-de-lumons-devoilent-comment-la-coordination-de-centaines-de-petits-pieds-permet-aux-etoiles-de-mer-de-se-deplacer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/web.umons.ac.be\/fs\/fr\/des-chercheurs-de-lumons-devoilent-comment-la-coordination-de-centaines-de-petits-pieds-permet-aux-etoiles-de-mer-de-se-deplacer\/","title":{"rendered":"Des chercheurs de l’UMONS d\u00e9voilent comment la coordination de centaines de petits pieds permet aux \u00e9toiles de mer de se d\u00e9placer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les \u00e9toiles de mer, dont la taille peut varier de quelques grammes \u00e0 plusieurs kilogrammes selon les esp\u00e8ces et l\u2019\u00e2ge, se d\u00e9placent gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des centaines de petits pieds contractiles appel\u00e9s pieds ambulacraires, ou\u00a0podia, capables de s\u2019attacher et de se d\u00e9tacher du substrat, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de la surface sur laquelle elles se d\u00e9placent, comme le fond marin, les rochers ou le sable.<\/p>\n

Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, on pensait que la vitesse de locomotion de ces animaux d\u00e9pendait principalement du nombre de pieds en contact avec le sol ou de leur surface d\u2019adh\u00e9sion. \u00c0 l\u2019UMONS, biologistes et physico-chimistes ont uni leurs comp\u00e9tences pour revisiter les m\u00e9canismes de locomotion des \u00e9toiles de mer et en proposer une interpr\u00e9tation in\u00e9dite.\"\"<\/p>\n

Quand la dynamique prime sur la force<\/strong><\/h5>\n

En combinant des exp\u00e9riences de locomotion, des mesures fines des forces d\u2019adh\u00e9sion, des analyses d\u2019images \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution et des mod\u00e8les physiques, les chercheurs ont montr\u00e9 que la vitesse de d\u00e9placement des \u00e9toiles de mer est largement ind\u00e9pendante du nombre de pieds en contact avec le sol. Elle d\u00e9pend en revanche du temps pendant lequel chaque pied reste attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la surface. Plus ce temps d\u2019adh\u00e9sion est court, plus l\u2019\u00e9toile de mer se d\u00e9place rapidement. Cette capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 ajuster finement la dur\u00e9e d\u2019adh\u00e9sion de ses pieds conf\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019animal une locomotion remarquablement robuste, capable de s\u2019adapter \u00e0 des variations importantes de masse et de conditions environnementales.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les \u00e9toiles de mer ne compensent pas leur poids en multipliant les points d\u2019appui<\/em>, explique Sylvain Gabriele, professeur \u00e0 l\u2019UMONS et coordinateur de l\u2019\u00e9tude. Elles modulent la dynamique d\u2019adh\u00e9sion de leurs pieds de mani\u00e8re collective et adaptative, ce qui leur permet de conserver une efficacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9placement \u00e9tonnante\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n

La coordination des podia est la clef d\u2019un d\u00e9placement efficace<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Les chercheurs montrent \u00e9galement que les pieds ambulacraires sont r\u00e9utilis\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re coordonn\u00e9e au cours du mouvement, sans que la phase de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration ne d\u00e9pende de la taille ou de la masse de l\u2019animal. Cette organisation collective du syst\u00e8me locomoteur met en \u00e9vidence des principes m\u00e9caniques simples mais extr\u00eamement efficaces, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9volution pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des contraintes complexes.<\/p>\n

\"\"S\u2019inscrivant dans la continuit\u00e9 des travaux men\u00e9s au laboratoire de biologie marine de Patrick Flammang, ces r\u00e9sultats ouvrent des perspectives importantes dans plusieurs domaines de recherche. Mieux comprendre comment le vivant parvient \u00e0 maintenir des performances m\u00e9caniques \u00e9lev\u00e9es malgr\u00e9 des contraintes variables pourrait inspirer le d\u00e9veloppement de robots capables de se d\u00e9placer sur des surfaces difficiles, de nouveaux mat\u00e9riaux adh\u00e9sifs intelligents ou encore des syst\u00e8mes biom\u00e9caniques adaptatifs.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0\u00c9tudier la locomotion des \u00e9toiles de mer, c\u2019est aussi apprendre comment la nature r\u00e9sout des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie complexes avec des solutions \u00e9l\u00e9gantes et robustes\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, souligne Amandine Deridoux, premi\u00e8re autrice de l\u2019\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n

Cette publication dans\u00a0PNAS<\/em>, l\u2019une des revues scientifiques les plus influentes au monde, souligne l\u2019excellence et la visibilit\u00e9 internationale des recherches pluridisciplinaires men\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019UMONS \u00e0 l\u2019interface entre biologie, physique et m\u00e9canique du vivant.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Source : <\/strong>Tube feet dynamics drive adaptation in sea star locomotion, <\/em><\/strong>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 2025<\/em>\r\nAmandine Deridoux, Sina Heydari, Stanislav N. Gorb, Eva A. Kanso, Patrick Flammang et Sylvain Gabriele (corresponding author)<\/em><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Comment une \u00e9toile de mer parvient-elle \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer avec efficacit\u00e9 sur des surfaces vari\u00e9es, malgr\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences importantes de taille et de poids ? Une \u00e9quipe pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs de l\u2019UMONS apporte une r\u00e9ponse in\u00e9dite \u00e0 cette question dans un article publi\u00e9 dans la prestigieuse revue scientifique Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), ouvrant la voie \u00e0 de nouvelles pistes de recherche en robotique, en biom\u00e9canique et dans le d\u00e9veloppement de mat\u00e9riaux adh\u00e9sifs inspir\u00e9s du vivant.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232,"featured_media":2437,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[99,97],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international","category-recherche"],"yoast_head":"\nDes chercheurs de l'UMONS d\u00e9voilent comment la coordination de centaines de petits pieds permet aux \u00e9toiles de mer de se d\u00e9placer - Facult\u00e9 \/ FS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/web.umons.ac.be\/fs\/fr\/des-chercheurs-de-lumons-devoilent-comment-la-coordination-de-centaines-de-petits-pieds-permet-aux-etoiles-de-mer-de-se-deplacer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Des chercheurs de l'UMONS d\u00e9voilent comment la coordination de centaines de petits pieds permet aux \u00e9toiles de mer de se d\u00e9placer - Facult\u00e9 \/ FS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Comment une \u00e9toile de mer parvient-elle \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer avec efficacit\u00e9 sur des surfaces vari\u00e9es, malgr\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences importantes de taille et de poids ? 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