{"id":142,"date":"2023-11-04T23:39:11","date_gmt":"2023-11-04T22:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/web.umons.ac.be\/sepsoms\/?p=142"},"modified":"2023-11-09T23:38:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T22:38:38","slug":"solovki-iles-sacrees-et-martyres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/web.umons.ac.be\/sepsoms\/fr\/2023\/11\/04\/solovki-iles-sacrees-et-martyres\/","title":{"rendered":"Solovki, \u00eeles sacr\u00e9es et martyres"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Solovki, \u00eeles sacr\u00e9es et martyres<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Beaucoup de personnes ne savent pas \u00e0 qui ou \u00e0 quoi correspond le mot \u00ab Solovki \u00bb. Pourtant, ce terme fait partie de l\u2019histoire du monde. En fait, quand on parle de Solovki, on parle des \u00eeles, connues aussi sous les noms de Solovetski ou Solovets. Elles forment un archipel comprenant six \u00eeles, dont les plus grandes sont Solovetski, Anzerski, Bolcha\u00efa Mouksalma et Mala\u00efa Mouksalma. Elles se situent en Russie, dans la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Arkhangelsk, isol\u00e9es en plein milieu de la mer Blanche et ont une superficie de 28 834 ha. Par ailleurs, cet archipel est connu pour son c\u00e9l\u00e8bre monast\u00e8re Solovetski datant du XVe si\u00e8cle, mais aussi pour son ancien camp de travail forc\u00e9 sovi\u00e9tique, un des premiers maillons du Goulag.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les \u00eeles Solovki sont, d\u2019une part, des \u00eeles sacr\u00e9es ; sur l\u2019une d\u2019entre elles se dresse le sublime monast\u00e8re Solovetski, lieu sacr\u00e9 de l\u2019orthodoxie russe. D\u2019autre part, ce sont des \u00eeles martyres sur lesquelles a \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9 en 1923 l\u2019un des tous premiers camps faisant partie de la n\u00e9buleuse du goulag. Dans ce camp de travail forc\u00e9 y \u00e9taient envoy\u00e9s les officiers tsaristes, nobles, \u2026 appel\u00e9s \u00ab ennemis de la R\u00e9volution \u00bb. L\u2019archipel \u00e9tait un endroit strat\u00e9gique car il \u00e9tait isol\u00e9 g\u00e9ographiquement, ce qui rendait l\u2019\u00e9vasion impossible. L\u00e0-bas, les prisonniers devaient effectuer des travaux forc\u00e9s et recevaient ensuite de la nourriture proportionnellement mesur\u00e9e au travail fourni (\u00ab gradation alimentaire \u00bb). Cette technique avait pour seul but de garder seulement les forts et de tuer les faibles. Tout cela imagin\u00e9 par Naftaly Frenkel, membre de la police secr\u00e8te sovi\u00e9tique. D\u2019autre part, il faut savoir qu\u2019\u00e0 partir de 1928, Staline \u00e9tait au pouvoir et approuvait totalement les id\u00e9es de Frenkel. Au total, c\u2019est pr\u00e8s de 100.000 personnes qui y auraient p\u00e9ri jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa fermeture en 1939. Cette fermeture est due au d\u00e9clenchement de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et de l\u2019attaque de la Finlande. Cependant, m\u00eame si ce camp a d\u00fb fermer, les d\u00e9port\u00e9s, eux, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers les camps de l\u2019est du pays. La fin du Goulag, quant \u00e0 elle, a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 avoir lieu \u00e0 partir de 1953, apr\u00e8s la mort de Staline. \u00c7a va \u00eatre Nikita Khrouchtchev, successeur de Staline de 1953 \u00e0 1964, qui va amorcer la d\u00e9stalinisation.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Depuis ce jour, de nombreuses choses se sont pass\u00e9es, dont la chute de l\u2019URSS en 1991.Les \u00eeles sont devenues en 1992, l&rsquo;un des premiers sites russes \u00e0 \u00eatre inscrit sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l&rsquo;UNESCO. Par ailleurs, cet effondrement a permis aux \u00eeles Solovki de se r\u00e9approprier leur monast\u00e8re et de pouvoir commencer \u00e0 le restaurer en 2012. A l\u2019heure actuelle, ce sont pr\u00e8s de 30.000 touristes et p\u00e8lerins qui y voyagent chaque ann\u00e9e. Cependant, m\u00eame si Solovki a repris espoir depuis quelques ann\u00e9es maintenant, elle n\u2019oublie pas ses nombreux prisonniers pour autant.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\"> <i>Rep\u00e8re r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par Louise Costorella, deuxi\u00e8me Bachelier de la Facult\u00e9 de Traduction et d\u2019Interpr\u00e9tation \u2013 Ecole d\u2019Interpr\u00e8tes Internationaux de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Mons, sous la direction de A.Deliz\u00e9e<\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Solovki, \u00eeles sacr\u00e9es et martyres\u00a0 Beaucoup de personnes ne savent pas \u00e0 qui ou \u00e0 quoi correspond le mot \u00ab Solovki \u00bb. Pourtant, ce terme fait partie de l\u2019histoire du monde. En fait, quand on parle de Solovki, on parle des \u00eeles, connues aussi sous les noms de Solovetski ou Solovets. Elles forment un archipel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":218,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aspects-socio-politiques-de-lespace-post-sovietique"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Solovki, \u00eeles sacr\u00e9es et martyres - Service \/ FTI-EII - \u00c9tude de l\u2019espace post-sovi\u00e9tique et des mondes slaves<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/web.umons.ac.be\/sepsoms\/fr\/2023\/11\/04\/solovki-iles-sacrees-et-martyres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Solovki, \u00eeles sacr\u00e9es et martyres - Service \/ FTI-EII - \u00c9tude de l\u2019espace post-sovi\u00e9tique et des mondes slaves\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Solovki, \u00eeles sacr\u00e9es et martyres\u00a0 Beaucoup de personnes ne savent pas \u00e0 qui ou \u00e0 quoi correspond le mot \u00ab Solovki \u00bb. 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